How DTF printing works - step-by-step

Step-by-step technical explanation

Direct-to-film (DTF) printing is a modern textile printing process that is increasingly establishing itself as an alternative to traditional DTG or screen printing. DTF combines digital precision with a wide range of materials and durability. In this article, we explain the entire process in technical detail – from print preparation to the final transfer onto textiles.

1. Preparing the print data

The workflow begins with the digital print file, typically a CMYK design with a white underprint. The file is prepared in RIP software, which calculates the ink coverage, ICC profiles, and the white channel. It is crucial that the ink sequence is set up correctly: first CMYK, then white – in reversed printing order for later transfer.

Recommended software

Common RIP programs such as Acrorip , MainTop or Cadlink Digital Factory allow for fine-tuning of density, saturation and color management to achieve precise and color-stable results.

2. Printing on PET film

The actual printing process takes place on a special PET film with a matte or semi-matte surface. The printing press operates in two passes: first the CMYK color application, followed by the white layer. The white print serves as a top layer and later ensures color brilliance on dark textiles.

Pressure parameters

• Inks: Pigment-based, water-based DTF inks
• Resolution: 720 × 1200 dpi or higher
• Print speed: 1–6 m²/h depending on the printhead

After printing, the PET film leaves the machine with a wet ink coating that must be coated immediately.

3. Application of the hot melt adhesive powder

Immediately after printing, a thermoplastic adhesive powder (hot melt) is sprinkled onto the printed surface. The film passes through a shaking device that removes excess powder. This powder later serves as an adhesion promoter between the print and the textile.

Technical notes

• Grain size: 80–200 µm depending on the type of textile
• Distribution: even, without clumping
• Storage: dry, as moisture reduces adhesion

4. Drying and curing

The coated film is dried in a hot air or infrared oven at 100–130 °C for 2–5 minutes. During this phase, the powder melts slightly and bonds with the white layer without completely running. Uniform temperature distribution is crucial for the adhesion and flexibility of the transfers.

5. Transfer to the textile

Once cured, the film can be transferred to almost any textile material – cotton, polyester, blends, or even leather. A heat press is used for this.

Press parameters (example values)

• Temperature: 150–165 °C
• Printing time: 10–15 seconds
• Pressure: medium to high pressure (4–6 bar)

After pressing, allow the film to cool briefly (depending on the film type, this is called "cold peel" or "hot peel") and then peel it off evenly. For additional fixation, you can press it again for 5 seconds.

6. Advantages of DTF printing

• High wash resistance and abrasion resistance
• No pretreatment of the textile is necessary.
• Suitable for light and dark fabrics
• Good color reproduction on many materials

7. Conclusion

DTF printing combines digital precision with flexibility in material use. The use of hot-melt adhesive and PET film results in robust, color-intensive transfers that are ideal for both industrial and artisanal textile finishing. For companies that want to produce diverse designs in small to medium quantities, DTF is an efficient, future-proof technology.